1	Revolutionary War battles Week 7 Day 1
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3	Colonial Resistance
4	Colonists paying the excise tax man
5	First Continental Congress 1774 Prayer unites delegates Declaration and Resolves 13 acts of Parliament unconstitutional Non-importation, non-consumption Committees of Observation to ensure citizens followed
6	Second Continental Congress 1775 13 colonies Establish continental army With Washington as leader Finance army with bills of credit Olive Branch Petition On Taking Up of Arms Ben Franklin as postmaster general June 1776—Richard Henry Lee motions for statement of independence; Jefferson writes it
7	Constitutional Convention II
8	Boston 1775 After Lexington and Concord, siege of Boston 6500 British; 10,000 Patriots Brits led by Thomas Gage Led by Greene, Washington Patriots occupy heights Rag tag army No discipline, deserters, few guns or powder, few supplies b/c Congress has little cash
9	Boston/Bunker Hill
10	Boston Massacre propaganda
11	Boston 1775 Allen and Arnold take Fort Ticonderoga Cannons sent to Boston Bunker (Breed’s) Hill British win heights to the north Heavy British casualties, American morale boosted Olive Branch Petition rejected By mad King George III No turning back, no reconciliation
12	Bunker Hill
13	South 1775 Lord Dunmore exiled by Burgesses to Chesapeake Bay He offered freedom to slaves and indentures who joined him This starts precedent, especially for slaves
14	South 1775 South Carolina Charles Lee & John Rutledge defeat British general Henry Clinton North Carolina governor Josiah Martin recruits “oppressed” highland Scots to join Loyalists Patriot militia beats him @ Battle of Moore’s Creek
15	Militia v. Standing Army Which will it be? Why were we scared of standing armies? British oppressive army, repulsive to liberty Any benefits of militia? Negatives? Volunteer, patriotic/civic duty, independent Less discipline, deserters Which did Washington want?
16	Early Canadian theatre We attacked Canada, leaving them out of the equation of helping us with Revolution Richard Montgomery took Montreal in September 1775 Arnold and Montgomery valiant stand at Quebec Winter siege failed British keep Quebec, retake Montreal
17	Benedict Arnold
18	Montreal and Quebec
19	New York & New Jersey As Declaration was issued, Brits invade Staten Island w/_________ What was the English strategy? Burgoyne attack from Ticonderoga, head south Howe drive north from NYC Cut off New England from the rest, defeat Washington anticipates, arrays troops on Brooklyn Heights
20	New York
21	NYC and NJ Washington can’t hold Heights, retreats to Manhattan (1776) Saved by Providential fog Brilliance of Washington Able to run away long enough to stay alive, not loose too many troops, stretch out British Couldn’t run long Counter-attack @ Trenton (1777) Washington crosses the Delaware Princeton victory sends Hessians back to NYC
22	Brooklyn Heights
23	Washington Crosses the Delaware
24	Brits renewed strategy Burgoyne from Ticonderoga toward Albany Howe went to Philadelphia, then north to cut off NE Howe moved slowly, by water, giving Washington time Congress flees Philly
25	Brits renewed strategy Washington met Howe at Brandywine, Germantown; lost Outnumbered and defeated, colonists fled to Valley Forge Howe set up camp in Philly (1777) What does it say about US that we didn’t have Philly and NYC, but still won?
26	Germantown
27	Valley Forge
28	Valley Forge Nasty, cold 11,000 soldiers w/o food, shelter, clothing 2500 die from disease, exposure Silver lining Prussian von Steuben helped train, discipline the troops, restored morale, taught military tactics However, some things looking bleak Game is pretty near up”
29	Saratoga Oct. 1777—turning point Howe divided his forces Half w/Burgoyne; winter made it too late to send reinforcements north to Burgoyne Horatio Gates stood against Burgoyne, who was from Ticonderoga Gates = 17,000 NE recruits
30	Saratoga Burgoyne surrendered entire army (6000) First major victory for colonies Not by Washington Turning point Why? Gives hope to the Americans Showed Europe that US had “fighting” chance
31	Saratoga Surrender
32	France and Spain First two years = loans After Saratoga, France & US alliance Franklin to Comte de Vergennes France gave up all claims east of Mississippi US open trade to France, support France in West Indies Prime Minister Lord North feared French involvement, entreated with Franklin in Paris (1778)
33	France and Spain Spain entered New Orleans sent ammo and cattle to western forts Spanish California Indians prayed for American victory (irony?) Wanted to retake Florida, gain control of Miss. Valley Attacked British forts (Pensacola) Both France and Spain do what is in best self-interest
34	France and Spain British sent many troops to Caribbean to fight back French Clinton fears French @ Philly Evacuated, sent troops after Washington Battle of Monmouth Lee and Washington force a draw w/Clinton Morale boost for US, Clinton later court-martialed
35	War at Sea Britain and France mostly battle at sea US privateers fight too John Paul Jones Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis Jones raided town in England, defeated Serapis in North Sea
36	barely seaworthy American vessel Bonhomme Richard engaged the British warship Serapis Microsoft
37	Native Americans Iroquois like both US and UK Side w/Britain Persuaded that independence = American expansion South—Pensacola, backcountry fighting Cherokee, Creeks, Choctaw, Chickasaws v. US North– Joseph Brant lead Loyalist Iroquois Oneidas = patriot, civil war Boonesborough, Vincennes Back and forth Did not end for 20 years after end of Revolution
38	End of War Pacification Change in British policy Clinton to take over patriot strongholds, leave area in control of Loyalists Victory for Brits @ Charleston, Cornwalis @ Camden, US victory @ King’s Mountain/Cowpens, UK @ Guilford Court House
39	End of War Long hit-and-run battle afterwards Cornwalis settled in Yorktown Did not get along with Clinton Against orders
40	End of War US began to recruit slaves in reaction to late UK victory, Clinton’s promise to free them Many work as teamsters Greene forced enemy retreat in Lower South—now only UK strongholds in Savannah and Charleston
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42	End of War France & US teamed up Lafayette and Rochambeau, Washington and Greene Even ambition young Alexander Hamilton Cornwalis could not break siege, negotiated peace
43	Lafayette & Rochambeau
44	Conclusion US only win 2 major victories Outmanned, outgunned, fighting the best army/navy in the world Hit and run long enough to stretch out Britain Genius of Washington Yorktown was his first major victory
45	Important Battles? Boston NYC Saratoga Yorktown Valley Forge Women in war? Blacks?